- Industry: Education
- Number of terms: 9909
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The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of acts of other branches of government and to declare unconstitutional acts null and void.
Industry:History
A labor organization founded in 1869, it called for the unity of all workers, rejected industrial capitalism, and favored cooperatively owned businesses but was discredited by such labor violence as the Haymarket Square riot and did not survive the depression of the 1890s.
Industry:History
Products grown or extracted from England's North American colonies that could be shipped only to England or other colonies within the empire. Goods on the first enumeration list included tobacco, indigo, and sugar. Later furs, molasses, and rice would be added to a growing list of products that the English colonies could not sell directly to foreign nations.
Industry:History
Appointed Chief Justice in 1801, Marshall expanded the Supreme Court's power and prestige and established its power to determine the constitutionality of the acts of other branches of government and to declare unconstitutional acts null and void. He defended the supremacy of the federal government over state governments and held that the Constitution should be. Construed broadly and flexibly.
Industry:History
As the nation's second president, Adams had to deal with deteriorating relations between the United States and France. Conflicts between the two countries were evident in the XYZ Affair and the "Quasi War" of 1798 to 1800.
Industry:History
Georgia governor in 1970, and president in 1976. His progressive racial views reflected an emergent South less concerned with racial distinctions and more concerned with economic development and political power.
Industry:History
The Father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and a co founder of the Jeffersonian Republican party, Madison served as president during the War of 1812.
Industry:History
In November 1979, Iranian students seized the U. S. Embassy compound in Tehran and held 52 Americans inside hostage for 444 days.
Industry:History
As president of the United States during the Mexican War, Polk increased American territory by a third.
Industry:History
Redemption certificates pardoning persons from punishment in the afterlife that were being sold by the Roman Catholic church. Martin Luther particularly condemned this practice in his Ninety five Theses, in bringing on the Protestant Reformation.
Industry:History
